During normal operations, what should the distribution system pressure ideally reflect?

The ideal reflection of distribution system pressure during normal operations is the pressure during typical consumption without hydrant flow. This is because the pressure in a water distribution system is designed to meet the needs of regular household or commercial use under standard conditions. During these normal usage scenarios, the system should maintain adequate pressure to ensure that all users receive sufficient water supply for activities like drinking, cooking, and sanitation.

When hydrants are used, such as during firefighting or maintenance, the dynamics of the system change, causing fluctuations in pressure. Thus, options that suggest pressures during flows from hydrants or maintenance work do not represent the normal operational baseline, which is focused on consistent and safe water delivery under typical demand levels. High demand situations also do not characterize normal operations, as they imply a surge in use that could lead to reduced pressure if the system is not designed to handle such spikes. Hence, the pressure during typical consumption is the most relevant and stable measure for assessing the performance of a distribution system in its everyday function.