What is the function of a pitot tube in relation to flow pressure?

A pitot tube is specifically designed to measure the velocity of fluid flow by converting the kinetic energy of the flow into potential energy. This measurement is essential in hydraulic systems, including water supply systems, where understanding the forward velocity of water is crucial for efficient operation and design.

When fluid flows into the pitot tube, it encounters a smaller opening, which causes a difference in pressure between the dynamic pressure (from the flow) and the static pressure (from the surrounding fluid). This pressure difference can then be read and used to calculate the forward velocity of the water using Bernoulli's equation. Knowing this velocity assists in determining system performance, optimizing flow rates, and ensuring system efficiency.

As for the other options, measuring atmospheric pressure, detecting leaks, and regulating flow are not the primary functions of a pitot tube. Measuring atmospheric pressure typically requires a different instrument, while detecting leaks usually involves pressure testing methods or sensors designed for that purpose. Regulating flow is accomplished through valves or flow control devices, not a pitot tube, which purely monitors velocity and pressure differences.